Il CAP (Certificato di Abilitazione Professionale) di tipo KB è un'abilitazione aggiuntiva alla normale patente di guida, prevista dall'art. 116 comma 8 del Codice della Strada. È obbligatorio per chiunque voglia esercitare professionalmente il servizio di taxi o il servizio di noleggio con conducente (NCC) su autovetture che richiedono la patente B.
Per la guida di motoveicoli (motocarrozzette) adibiti a taxi/NCC — richiede patente A1, A2 o A.
Per la guida di autovetture adibite a taxi/NCC — richiede patente B o B1. Questo manuale tratta il KB.
Solo durante il servizio con passeggeri. Non serve quando il veicolo viaggia vuoto/fuori servizio.
Requisiti per conseguire il CAP KB
- Età minima: 21 anni compiuti
- Possesso di patente B valida (o superiore)
- Certificato medico in bollo (non anteriore a 3 mesi) che attesti i requisiti psicofisici previsti per patenti C, D
- Attestazione di frequentazione di un corso di primo soccorso
- Pagamento bollettino PagoPA: diritti €16,20 + bolli €16,00
- Modulo di domanda MC 746-C presentato all'Ufficio Provinciale DTT (ex Motorizzazione Civile)
20 domande a risposta multipla da completare in 30 minuti. Per superare la prova il candidato non deve commettere più di 2 errori. Ogni quesito propone 3 opzioni di risposta, di cui una sola è corretta. Successivamente è prevista una prova orale.
Argomenti del programma d'esame (Art. 312 Reg. CdS)
- Struttura e funzionamento dei motori a combustione interna
- Lubrificanti e difese antigelo
- Precauzioni per cambiare le ruote
- Struttura, montaggio, uso e manutenzione dei pneumatici
- Dispositivi di frenatura e accoppiamento rimorchi
- Capacità di individuare i guasti
- Capacità di riparare piccoli guasti
- Manutenzione preventiva del veicolo
- Capacità di usare carte stradali
- Uso economico del veicolo
- Misure da prendere in caso di incidenti
- Assicurazione del veicolo
- Legislazione applicabile al trasporto di persone (L. 21/92)
- Responsabilità del conducente
- Documenti relativi a veicoli e viaggiatori
Validità e rinnovo del CAP KB
Va rinnovato dopo 5 anni dal conseguimento (se la patente B è ancora valida) oppure alla scadenza della patente B se questa scade prima dei 5 anni.
Non richiede rinnovo separato: si rinnova automaticamente con il rinnovo della patente C o D.
Anche il CAP KB prevede il sistema a punti (20 punti iniziali). Le infrazioni commesse durante il servizio decurtano i punti dal CAP, non dalla patente.
Function and structure
The primary function of the tire is to ensure adhesion between the vehicle and the road surface. The structure can be radial (the most common). The air sealing system is tubeless (without inner tube, valve fixed directly to the rim).
Reading the marking: example 195/65 R14 86T
The "Regroovable" marking indicates that the tire can be retreaded. The M+S marking indicates winter tread. The OFF-SET (or ET) value is indicated in the marking of the rim, not the tire.
Aquaplaning and low-profile tires
Loss of grip due to a layer of water between the tread and asphalt. It is favored by high speed. Narrower tires are less susceptible to the phenomenon. Worn tires with worn tread increase the risk. It is less subject to the drift effect than a non-lowered one thanks to the more laterally rigid profile. Allowed with tire of identical size and identical tread pattern on the same axle. Speed code and load index must be equal to or higher than those on the registration document.
Replacing a wheel (puncture)
Preferably on a straight and flat stretch. Report the stop with the appropriate mobile danger signal in the appropriate cases. It is good practice to loosen the nuts with the vehicle still on the ground to prevent the wheel from turning. The final tightening must be carried out little by little in a cross sequence, with the vehicle on the ground (not raised).
- The "Regroovable" marking indicates that the tire can be retreaded. The M+S marking indicates winter tread. The OFF-SET (or ET) value is indicated in the marking of the rim, not the tire.
- Loss of grip due to a layer of water between the tread and asphalt. It is favored by high speed. Narrower tires are less susceptible to the phenomenon. Worn tires with worn tread increase the risk. It is less subject to the drift effect than a non-lowered one
- Preferably on a straight and flat stretch. Report the stop with the appropriate mobile danger signal in the appropriate cases. It is good practice to loosen the nuts with the vehicle still on the ground to prevent the wheel from turning. The definitive tightening must be carried out little by little with seq
Split circuit (double circuit)
The split braking circuit in cars guarantees braking even in the event of a leak located in one point of the circuit. It can be of the "TT" type (front + rear wheels) or "X" type (crossed).
The ABS system
It does not allow the wheels to lock and reduces braking distance. Allows better control of the directionality of the vehicle during braking. Equipped with an electronic control unit + a speed sensor for each wheel. The electro-pneumatic actuator reduces the pressure on the braking elements in the event of blocking. However, vehicle braking is guaranteed. ABS is not a mechanical system but an electronic one.
- It does not allow the wheels to lock and reduces braking distance. Allows better control of the directionality of the vehicle during braking. Equipped with an electronic control unit + a speed sensor for each wheel. The electro-pneumatic actuator reduces the pressure
Causes of steering anomalies
4-stroke petrol engine
It is an endothermic (internal combustion) engine, also known as a spark ignition engine (not spontaneous like diesel). The piston descends from TDC (Top Dead Center) to BDC (Bottom Dead Center). A mixture of air and petrol is sucked in. The piston rises from BDC to TDC and the mixture of air and petrol is compressed. The spark plug fires just before the piston reaches TDC. Combustion pushes the piston downwards. It is the active phase of the cycle. The exhaust valve opens just before the piston reaches BDC. The piston rises, expelling the burnt gases.
Engine auxiliary parts
Includes timing belt or chain. They are part of the auxiliary bodies. They are part of the engine's auxiliary parts. Prevents "over-revving" and regulates idle gear (prevents the engine from stalling). Supercharging increases volumetric efficiency and power. The intercooler cools the superheated air coming out of the turbocharger.
Electric motor
The electric motor is not an internal combustion engine. Transforms electromagnetic energy into driving force. Electric vehicles can be self-powered with batteries.
- It is an endothermic (internal combustion) engine, also known as a spark ignition engine (not spontaneous like diesel). The piston descends from TDC (Top Dead Center) to BDC (Bottom Dead Center). A mixture of air and petrol is sucked in. The piston rises from BDC to
- The electric motor is not an internal combustion engine. Transforms electromagnetic energy into driving force. Electric vehicles can be self-powered with batteries.
SAE classification and viscosity
It is carried out with the engine stopped for several minutes and on level ground, using the graduated rod in the engine compartment. Never with the engine running or on a slope. Excessive oil consumption may be due to worn piston rings.
Main elements of the lubrication system
Filter, gear pump, pressure relief valve and pressure gauge. The pump is the main cause of insufficient oil pressure if it breaks. A used lubricating oil is darker in color than a new one. The lubricating oil must be replaced periodically together with the filter, according to the manufacturer's instructions (not just based on the registration document). Engine and gearbox oils have different characteristics.
- It is carried out with the engine stopped for several minutes and on level ground, using the graduated rod in the engine compartment. Never with the engine running or on a slope. Excessive oil consumption may be due to worn piston rings.
- Filter, gear pump, pressure relief valve and pressure gauge. The pump is the main cause of insufficient oil pressure if it breaks. A used lubricating oil is darker in color than a new one. The lubricating oil must be replaced periodically together with the thread
Antifreeze fluid and additives
Contains additives that lower the freezing temperature of water. It must have a high boiling temperature (>100°C) and a low freezing temperature (<0°C). They also serve to avoid encrustations inside the circuit and raise the boiling point above 100°C. It allows the expansion of the liquid as the temperature increases. It is dangerous to immediately remove the cap from the radiator or expansion tank. The system is under pressure and hot liquid can cause serious burns. Stop and wait for the engine to cool before opening. The coolant level should be checked in the expansion tank or radiator. The system must be periodically maintained by checking the efficiency of the fan belt and the water pump.
Transmission components
The transmission has the function of transferring the power delivered by the engine to the driving wheels. It is made up of: clutch, gearbox, bevel gear and differential. The left foot, when not changing gear, must not rest on the clutch pedal while driving. You must not travel downhill with the clutch disengaged. The clutch wore more when the vehicle was overloaded. The lining (friction lining) can wear out causing the disc to slip on the flywheel. Causes of slipping clutch: inefficiency of the pressure plate spring, worn or greased friction linings. Correct use of the clutch: The left foot, when not changing gear, must not rest on the clutch pedal while driving. You must not travel downhill with the clutch disengaged. The clutch wore more when overloaded dthe vehicle.
- The transmission has the function of transferring the power delivered by the engine to the driving wheels. It is made up of: clutch, gearbox, bevel gear and differential. The left foot, when not changing gear, must not rest on the clutch pedal while driving
Effects of inefficient shock absorbers
In summary
Powered by battery current. If it works but the engine doesn't turn, the pinion may be broken. They serve to protect the electrical system. They are characterized by their amperage. If necessary, it can be replaced with one of lower (never higher) amperage.
- Powered by battery current. If it works but the engine doesn't turn, the pinion may be broken. They serve to protect the electrical system. They are characterized by their amperage. If necessary, it can be replaced with one of lower amperage (never but
In summary
It is preferable to adopt a constant rpm in the highest gear as far as compatible with road conditions. Maximum efficiency occurs at maximum torque rpm. Avoid sudden acceleration and use of low gears at low loads.
Periodic inspection for Taxi and NCC
Cars in taxi or NCC service must be inspected every year (annual). The result is noted on the registration document. Indicated in the manufacturer's use and maintenance manual. Includes periodic replacement of the engine oil and its filter.
Fundamental definitions - Law 21/1992
Transport services that provide for the collective or individual transport of people, with a complementary and integrative function compared to scheduled public transport. They cannot be competitive with scheduled services. They are carried out at the request of the transported person, in a non-continuous or periodic manner, on itineraries and times established from time to time. These are non-scheduled public bus services: taxis and rentals with driver, with cars, motorbikes, boats and animal-drawn vehicles. Non-scheduled public bus services (Art. 1 L. 21/92): Transport services that provide for the collective or individual transport of people, with a complementary and integrative function compared to scheduled public transport. They cannot be competitive with scheduled services. They are carried out at the request of the transported person, in a non-continuous or periodic manner, on itineraries and times established from time to timelta.
Licenses and authorizations
Generally speaking, the combination of a taxi license and NCC authorization is not permitted. The only exception is when the taxi license is for a watercraft (boat).
Replacement driving the taxi
The holder of a taxi license can be replaced as a driver only temporarily and for specific reasons: The substitute must hold a B driving license + postal code KB + registration with the Chamber of Commerce. The replacement must be authorized by the Municipality.
Obligations of the taxi driver on duty
Have with you the municipal license or authorization that enables you to perform the service. The registration document alone is not sufficient. The driver must however respect all the rules of the Highway Code. It cannot exceed speed limits even on preferential lanes. The taxi driver is required, within 24 hours, to deliver objects forgotten by users to the appropriate Municipality office. There is a supplement for the transport of pets. There is no supplement for assistance dogs for the disabled.
NCC service sheet
The service sheet must always be kept on board by the driver (it cannot remain in the garage). Contains: service start time, destination, service end time, vehicle license plate number. It does not contain the bracketed fares to be applied nor the intermediate stops for refueling.
Registration in the Drivers' Register
Registration in the Register of Drivers of vehicles used for non-scheduled public services is held by the Chamber of Commerce (CCIAA). It serves to acquire a necessary requirement to obtain licenses/authorizations. It is also necessary for fixed-term employees as temporary replacements.
Own use of taxi out of service
The taxi can be used for off-duty personal needs. In this case it can be driven by a driver who holds only a driving license (without KB). No authorization from the Municipality is required.
How many people does a taxi carry?
A taxi can carry a maximum of 8 people excluding the driver (therefore max 9 in total, since cars have a maximum of 9 seats including the driver). The cars have a maximum of 9 seats including the driver.
- Transport services that provide for the collective or individual transport of people, with a complementary and integrative function compared to scheduled public transport. They cannot be competitive with scheduled services. They are carried out at the request of the transported person, in an uncoordinated manner
- Generally speaking, the combination of a taxi license and NCC authorization is not permitted. The only exception is when the taxi license is for a watercraft (boat).
- Have with you the municipal license or authorization that enables you to perform the service. The registration document alone is not sufficient. The driver must however respect all the rules of the Highway Code. It cannot exceed speed limits even on preferential lanes. The taxi
- The service sheet must always be kept on board by the driver (it cannot remain in the garage). Contains: service start time, destination, service end time, vehicle license plate number. It does not contain the bracketed tariffs to be applied nor the intermediate stops for refueling
- Registration in the Register of Drivers of vehicles used for non-scheduled public services is held by the Chamber of Commerce (CCIAA). It serves to acquire a necessary requirement to obtain licenses/authorizations. It is also necessary for temporary employees on temporary breaks
- The taxi can be used for off-duty personal needs. In this case it can be driven by a driver who holds only a driving license (without KB). No authorization from the Municipality is required.
What is RCA and what does it cover
Motor vehicle liability insurance (RCA) is mandatory by law for all motor vehicles in circulation. Comprehends:
Right of recourse
The insurance company can exercise the right of compensation when the transport conditions established by the laws in force and the indications on the registration document are not respected. It is not exercised simply by the driver reaching the age of 65.
Penalties for those who drive without RCA
Economic fine. Mandatory accessory sanction.
- Motor vehicle liability insurance (RCA) is mandatory by law for all motor vehicles in circulation. Comprehends:
- The insurance company can exercise the right of compensation when the transport conditions established by the laws in force and the indications on the registration document are not respected. It is not exercised simply by the driver reaching the age of 65.
- Economic fine. Mandatory accessory sanction.
Obligations of the driver involved in an accident
The driver has the obligation to stop in any case. Helping an injured person is a legal and legal obligation, sanctioned in case of non-compliance. It is a must in case of investment of a person. Act by avoiding inadequate or counterproductive performance, requesting medical intervention. Check registration card and driving licence. Collect all the elements for the reconstruction of the exact dynamics of the accident. After rescuing the injured, move the vehicle off the roadway where possible.
When to call the police
The police should be called when the other driver is unable to produce their insurance certificate. It is not called just because you are responsible, nor just because the friendly declaration form is missing.
Danger triangle
It should only be used on extra-urban roadways to signal a stopped vehicle. Not mandatory in case of heavy rain or to ask for help, nor ever if the accident occurred in a lit town center (but it is recommended). The danger is signaled outside residential areas with the vehicle stopped signal if the road is blocked. Mandatory use of the warning triangle: It should only be used on extra-urban roadways to signal a stopped vehicle. Not mandatory in case of heavy rain or to ask for help, nor ever if the accident occurred in a lit town center (but it is recommended). The danger is signaled outside residential areas with the vehicle stopped signal if the road is blocked.
- The police should be called when the other driver is unable to produce their insurance certificate. It is not called just because you are responsible, nor just because the friendly declaration form is missing.
- It should only be used on extra-urban roadways to signal a stopped vehicle. Not mandatory in case of heavy rain or to ask for help, nor ever if the accident occurred in a lit town center (but it is recommended). The danger outside the inhabited centers is reported with the
- ⚠️ Mandatory use of the triangle It should only be used on extra-urban roadways to signal the stopped vehicle. Not mandatory in case of heavy rain or to ask for help, nor ever if the accident occurred in a lit town center (but it is recommended). The danger is reported
Orientation on the map
It is placed high on the maps. It is placed on the left on maps.
The ladder
The scale indicates the reduction ratio between the measurement taken on the paper and the actual measurement. It is indicated in the legend integrated into the map itself.
Symbols and legend
When choosing the route, you must choose the most economically convenient route (not necessarily the shortest in distance or time).
- When choosing the route, you must choose the most economically convenient route (not necessarily the shortest in distance or time).
CAP point system
The blood alcohol level that must not be exceeded by drivers who carry out the professional activity of transporting people is 0 (ZERO) grams per liter of blood. Absolute zero tolerance during service.
Seat belts
The use of seat belts is mandatory for both front and rear seat occupants. Taxi or NCC drivers are not exempt from the obligation. The KB CAP also enables you to drive vehicles for which the KA CAP is required.
Radiotelephone devices
Drivers of taxi or NCC vehicles are not authorized to use radio telephones or headphones while driving (same rules as other drivers).
- The blood alcohol level that must not be exceeded by drivers who carry out the professional activity of transporting people is 0 (ZERO) grams per liter of blood. Absolute zero tolerance during service.
- The use of seat belts is mandatory for both front and rear seat occupants. Taxi or NCC drivers are not exempt from the obligation. The KB CAP also enables you to drive vehicles for which the KA CAP is required.
- Drivers of taxi or NCC vehicles are not authorized to use radio telephones or headphones while driving (same rules as other drivers).
Main extra-urban roads
The main extra-urban roads have no at-grade intersections. They do not allow the same maximum speed as highways and are not highways.
Traffic Police officers
They are distinguished by their uniform or paddle. Not from the reflective gloves or the whistle.
Danger warning light (flashing)
It must be used when sudden slowdowns or traffic jams occur. It should not be used at night when parked on the emergency lanes of motorways or in the second row.
- The main extra-urban roads have no at-grade intersections. They do not allow the same maximum speed as highways and are not highways.
- They are distinguished by their uniform or paddle. Not from the reflective gloves or the whistle.
- It must be used when sudden slowdowns or traffic jams occur. It should not be used at night when parked on the emergency lanes of motorways or in the second row.
Carrier's responsibility, transport contract
In summary
The types of use of a vehicle according to the Highway Code are: own use and use of third parties. "Third party use" uses are defined in the Highway Code. Anyone who uses a vehicle for a destination or use other than those indicated on the registration document is subjected to an administrative sanction plus suspension of the registration certificate. In the case of leasing purchase: the vehicle is registered in the name of the lessor, but the name of the lessee is transcribed on the registration document. The legal availability titles that allow registration include: ownership, also indicating usufructuaries, lease buyers and installment sellers.
In summary
The owner is jointly liable with the driver if he does not prove that the traffic occurred against his will. It indicates, among other things, the number of seats and the overall mass of the vehicle. It does not indicate the tire inflation pressure (this is in the booklet). The load must be positioned so as not to impede freedom of movement while driving.
Titles of legal availability of the vehicle
To register a vehicle: ownership, also indicating usufructuaries, leasing buyers and installment sellers.
- The owner is jointly liable with the driver if he does not prove that the traffic occurred against his will. It indicates, among other things, the number of seats and the overall mass of the vehicle. It does not indicate the tire inflation pressure (this is in the booklet)